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No. 029 Β· Article

The Western Balkans Are Tired of Waiting for Europe

Twenty years of broken promises have pushed the region toward China, Turkey, and the Gulf states.

Enlargement fatigue, real consequences

22 Years since Thessaloniki promise
2/35 Chapters Serbia has closed
€9.2B Chinese investment in Serbia (2020-2025)
40%+ Western Balkans youth emigration rate

The alternative suitors

Into Europe's absence, others have stepped. China has invested over €9.2 billion in Serbia alone since 2020, building highways, bridges, and a lithium processing plant. Turkish companies are major investors in Albania and Kosovo. Gulf states have poured money into Bosnian real estate and infrastructure. Russia maintains deep cultural and political ties with Serbia.

These partnerships come without the governance conditions the EU attaches. For leaders who want investment without accountability, the alternative offers are attractive. For citizens who want rule of law and democratic standards, it is a different story β€” but they are increasingly voting with their feet by emigrating west.

Key Takeaways
  • 22 years after the Thessaloniki promise, no Western Balkan country has joined the EU
  • China has invested €9.2B in Serbia alone, filling the vacuum left by EU enlargement fatigue
  • Youth emigration rates above 40% are hollowing out the region's future workforce
  • The EU risks losing the Balkans not to conquest but to indifference
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